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Svend Poulsen
Svend Poulsen ( – ), also referred to as Svend Poulsen Gønge ((スウェーデン語:Svend Gjönge Povlsen)) was a Danish military commander in the 17th century, serving in the armies of Christian IV, Frederick III, and Christian V. He fought in the Torstenson War, Second Northern War, and the Scanian War, and led the ''snaphane'' militia in guerilla warfare against Sweden in occupied Zealand from 1658 to 1659. He was popularized under the name Gøngehøvdingen ((英語:the Gønge chieftain)) in 1853, when his exploits were fictionalized under that name by Danish author Carit Etlar. The historicity of his aliases has since been disputed.
==Historical account==
Little is known for certain about the youth of Svend Poulsen. He was probably born around 1610 in north-western Scania or southern Halland.〔Kim A. Wagner, (Fra Svend Poulsen til GØNGEHØVDINGEN ), "SIDEN SAXO", vol. 2, 2003, pp.14-21〕 He was a soldier in the army of Christian IV during the 1625-1629 Danish intervention in the Thirty Years' War, and also served in the Dutch Army. He was made an officer in the Danish army in the Torstenson War from 1643 to 1645.〔(Svend Poulsen Gønge ) at Gyldendals Åbne Encyklopædi〕 He was a citizen of Laholm in Halland,〔 even after it came under Swedish reign in 1645.〔 During the 1657–1658 Dano-Swedish War of the greater Second Northern War theatre, Poulsen commanded a company of dragoons in April 1657, in the defence of Ängelholm in Scania against Sweden. He took part in a number of skirmishes, and was promoted captain in December 1657.〔 After the cession of Scania and Halland at the Treaty of Roskilde of 1658, Svend Poulsen and his dragoons moved to Zealand, where they were ordered to disband.〔
Poulsen led his dragoons once more at the outbreak of the 1658–1660 Dano-Swedish War, and integrated his company into the defence of Copenhagen. Poulsen himself was sent into occupied Zealand in order to organize a guerilla warfare resistance. On August 22, 1658, a decree ordered the peasants of Zealand to assist Poulsen in harassing the Swedish occupying forces. He assembled a company of ''snaphane'' militia within the month of August,〔 though he lacked substantial support from the local populace.〔 He led several successful charges against smaller Swedish contingents, but was finally forced to retreat. He returned to Copenhagen, and later rejoined the regular army.〔 He was probably a part of the city defence during the Assault on Copenhagen in February 1659.〔
He left the army at the conclusion of the war in 1660, and was given the desolate Lundbygård manor at Præstø.〔 The manor caused Poulsen financial hardships, and in 1666 he appealed for Frederick III to help him, and was in turn granted an additional manor. His financial situation did not improve. Poulsen had to abandon Lundbygård due to tax debts in 1673. He was granted a lifelong state pension that year, and settled in a smaller residence.〔 He rejoined the army of Christian V for the Scanian War from 1675 to 1679, and first served on Stevns, before he was promoted to the rank of major and commanded a dragoon company in Scania.〔 Some doubt has been cast on his status as major and exact role in the Scanian War.〔 He died around 1680, an old man weakened by illness.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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